Growth Mindset: Do you have it?

I’ve had the book ”Mindset” on my book shelf for a few years but I hadn’t got to it until now.

For those of you who know me, it might not come as a surprise to you that I’m passionate about Psychology.

A couple of books that I keep coming back to are:

  • The Chimp Paradox – Dr Steve Peters
  • The 5AM Club – Robin Shaarma
  • The Power of Now- Eckhart Tolle
  • The Motivation Manifesto – Brendon Burchard

I think I’ll be adding ”Mindset” by Carol Dweck to my go to list.

 

The Brain

For simplicity, we like to compartmentalize the brain into the ‘Ego’ and the ‘Human.’ In Carol’s book she never refers to the brain in this way, but rather refers to two different mindsets, ‘Growth’ and ‘Fixed.’  So I wouldn’t want to misunderstand her and go as far as to say that your Ego is your fixed mindset and the Human is the growth mindset, because this is neither implied or specifically stated.

 

I’d encourage you to do your own reading but if we do use these terms interchangeably we might find it helpful to compare the EGO DRIVES (Fixed) versus HUMAN DRIVES (Growth).

 

EGO DRIVES

  • Feel safe
  • Feel accepted
  • Feel comfortable (convenient)

 

HUMAN DRIVES

  • Personal freedom and independence
  • Self-direction
  • Growth (our potential, our highest self)

 

Your Ego is about our survival instincts, looking for threats and signs of danger, and taking every opportunity to keep us safe and secure.  In the modern world this can be seen as ‘rationalising’ when we justify inaction or poor performance with excuses to ‘protect ourselves,’ from reality.  Some of that security could come from the perception of having an ability in something that is seen as desirable by others (acceptance).

 

Carol describes a Fixed mindset as ”a belief in an ability or quality that cannot be increased, it’s a fixed prior ability.” (Nature).

 

Growth mindset ‘is a belief in the capacity for lifelong learning and brain development, and can be increased with purposeful engagement.” (Nurture).

 

People may start with different temperaments and different aptitudes, but it is clear that experience, training and personal effort take them the rest of the way.

 

The view you adopt for yourself profoundly affects the way you lead your life.

 

Believing that your qualities are carved in stone – the fixed mindset – creates an urgency to prove yourself over and over.  If you have only a certain amount of intelligence, a certain personality, and a certain moral character – well, then you’d better prove that you have a healthy dose of them.  It simply wouldn’t do to look or feel deficient in these most basic qualities.  Every situation calls for a confirmation of their intelligence, personality or character.

 

 

But with the Growth Mindset- the hand you’re dealt is just the starting point for development.  This growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts, your strategies and help from others.

 

How Do We Develop a Fixed Mindset? 

 

When people hold onto a fixed mindset, it is often for a reason.  At some point in their lives it served a good purpose for them.

 

The idea that they are worthy and will be loved is crucial for children, and – if a child is unsure about being valued or being loved- the fixed mindset appears to offer a simple, straightforward route to it.

 

 

When young children feel insecure about being accepted by their parents it causes them great anxiety.  They feel lost and alone in a complicated world.  Since they are a only a few years old, they cannot simply reject their parents and say, ”I think I’ll go it alone.”  They have to find a way to feel safe and to win their parents over.

 

Children do this by creating or imagining other ”selves.” ones that their parents might like better.  These new selves are what they think their parents are looking for and what may win them their parents’ acceptance.

The Problem with the Fixed Mindset

 

The problem is that this new self – this all-competent, strong, good self that they now try to be – is likely to be a fixed mindset self.  Over time, the fixed traits may come to be the person’s sense of who they are, and validating these traits may come to be the main source of their self-esteem.

 

What’s the Solution?

 

Mindset changes asks people to give this up.  It’s not easy to replace your fixed mindset with a mindset that tells you to embrace all the things that have felt threatening: challenge, struggle, criticism, setbacks.

 

 

There’s the concern you won’t be yourself anymore.  It my feel as though the fixed mindset gave you the ambition, your edge, your individuality.  Maybe you fear you’ll become a bland cog in the wheel like everyone else.  Ordinary.

 

But opening yourself up to growth makes you MORE yourself, not less.

 

Confidence & Expectations

 

When I took my qualification with the Academy of Peak Performance to become a Certified Peak Performance Coach  I learnt about expectations and confidence.

 

If someone has high expectations about their performance, you will likely hear them say things like ”I should have” e.g. I should beat this person, I should of passed that test.  There is a difference between wanting something to happen and expecting it to- it’s okay to want to win, but it’s more important to be able to deal with the fact that it might not happen.

 

If a person has an expectation and they fail to achieve the standard, they are likely to feel a negative emotional state (disappointment, frustration etc).

 

Negative emotional states will negatively impact performance, e.g., through poor concentration and increase in muscle tension.  Performing without expectations relies on the person not assigning a JUDGEMENT to the performance (it was good or bad).  By not assigning a judgment to the performance a negative emotion can be avoided.

 

Not having expectations does NOT mean that you don’t care, nor does it mean you are not trying.  It keeps you focused on the present.  It also helps with maintaining confidence as you are not beating yourself up for messing up, or not achieving something.

 

Now there are some aspects of performance where you can have expectations of yourself based on non negotiable aspects of performance such as being respectful to opponents, arriving on time, giving high effort.  But having high expectation of the performance OUTCOME is an unrealistic expectation.

 

As humans we aren’t designed to perform high level sports under pressure.  Under pressure a natural response for a human is for us to:

  • narrow our attention on danger
  • higher tension / less movement
  • increased heart rate

So don’t judge or beat yourself up when you respond in a ”normal” way….that’s the way we are made!

And on the flip side be really proud of yourself when you respond in an ”extraordinary” or more effective way.  It’s a very satisfying feeling to feel the fear and do it any way.

 

Any performance objectives need to be tough enough to challenge the person but not too tough to depress their motivation.  Emphasis on winning is okay when that is the objective, but if it is the focus of every session it can influence learning and motivation.

 

In terms of confidence, you should practice in a way that engenders confidence in the person.  A definition of self-confidence is how strongly you believe in your ability to do something.  The person needs to focus on (remember) good performances.  Some people allow the perceptions (and even their thoughts of how others think of them) to influence their confidence.  This is not helpful and they need to learn to make their own judgments about their ability and let go of unhelpful comments from significant others.

 

The following undermine confidence:

  • Doubts
  • Indecision
  • Lack of trust
  • Fear of failure
  • Impatience
  • Expectations
  • Frustrations and other negative emotions
  • Negative self talk
  • Personalising faults

We often hear coaches talk about the power of positive thinking.  POSITIVE THINKING is different from expectations!

Be positive in your ability, learn from mistakes and other opportunities that present themselves and don’t expect or be critical = higher self confidence.

On a final note, the person is not their performance – if self esteem shifts up with success and down with failure this is unhealthy and undermines more than just self confidence.

 

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Sir Alex Ferguson: Never Give In

Sir Alex Ferguson: Never Give In

For someone who considers myself a great learner, and a passionate coach, I’m somewhat embarrassed to say that up until now I knew little of Sir Alex Ferguson’s past.   As an Arsenal fan in the 1990s I watched with envy how Manchester United would more often than not take the upper hand in the big games, and created somewhat of a fortress at Old Trafford.  There was an intimidation factor that you saw in the players (Roy Keane comes to mind) and it started with the Manager.

So it was a pleasant surprise to find out that a new documentary was recently released about Sir Alex Ferguson.  While recovering from a brain haemorrhage, Ferguson recounts details of his life and career to his son, including his legendary 26-year tenure as manager of Manchester United. This is a moving story about the bond between father and son, an exploration of leadership and mental toughness, and a celebration of one of football’s greatest careers.

Here was the dynamic young Glasgow socialist, who led a shipyard apprentices’ strike on Clydeside in 1961, then went into football, scored an unprecedented hat-trick for St Johnstone against Rangers at Ibrox, wound up playing for Rangers, then managing Aberdeen, then in 1986 was appointed manager of Manchester United and after a tricky start led them to all-conquering glory.

 

We are offered an intriguing “Rosebud” theory for the rage and passion that drove him. Ferguson was raised Protestant and his wife Cathy was Catholic; and on joining Glasgow’s famously Protestant Rangers FC as a player, Ferguson was sternly asked by one of the directors if he had got married in chapel. Meek for the one and only time in his life, Ferguson replied that it was in a register office – instead of telling him to mind his own business.
The
Rangers bigwig declared himself satisfied.

 

But in that grim sectarian atmosphere, an unpleasant atmosphere persisted around the question of loyalty, and Ferguson clearly never forgot the angry humiliation of appearing to be blamed for Rangers’ loss against Celtic in the 1969 Scottish Cup final. His anger resurfaces to almost Brian Clough levels as Aberdeen manager, when his team won what he saw as an undeserved victory in the 1983 Scottish Cup final against an under-par Rangers, and he let rip with a bizarre live TV touchline rant against his own side at the moment of victory.

Below are a few passages I took from the documentary.

It is clear that his mentality came from his working class background.  He lived in the shadow of the ship yard.  His father worked there for over 40 years.

”Me as a manager, I used to lie in bed thinking about themes that I could address the players with, that would make an impact on them.  I would talk about miners, ship yard workers, welders, tool makers, people who have come from poor backgrounds, and I used to ask them, what did your grandfather do? What about your Dad?  To get the feeling inside of them of what their grandfathers worked for, it’s part of them and they have to display that meaning.”

Taking away all the trophies I’ve won and all the great players I have worked with, it’s a fact of life that where we come from is important.  You come out with an identity, I came from Govan, I’m a Govan boy.

”Everyone has their own personality, some walk away from things, and some say ‘No, I’m not going to accept this.’  When you grow up in a place like Govan most people were fighting to get out of there.  Govan had the capitalist attitude to the working class, keep them down there, and I was lucky because the football was the saviour.  Through that I got all the breaks.  I progressed.  My Dad played a part in that.  He followed us everywhere and always encouraged us.  Clubs approached my Dad.  I wanted to play for Rangers FC but it was St Johnstone that signed me first.  My Dad wouldn’t let me play full-time, I had to finish my apprenticeship first.’

I served an apprenticeship as a tool maker in case I didn’t make it as a footballer.  I don’t think it did me any harm.  It helped me in understanding people.  The community.  The apprenticeship strike was great for me.  It wasn’t about you, it was about us, being part of a team.  Nothing is more important than someone who has had hard times but is prepared to not give into it.”

 

Sir Alex’s wife: ”He was upset and angry that Rangers turned their back on him.  But it made him determined as well, that he would go on and prove himself.”

”The thing that drove me was leaving Rangers, that spurred me.  I started to question the managers, their way of managing.  It gave me that impetus that I can do this job, I know I can do this job, simply because that’s my upbringing.  Don’t give in.”

”Regarding my health I’m not actually in control.  In the football world and at United I am in control of the situation.  It is vital because a player can’t do it himself, a player is only part of a team.  The manager is in control of all that destiny.  Dealing with the press, referees, rivals, I have to make decisions that are correct.  I was never a failure, I never looked back, because there was always tomorrow whether you lose or win.”

At Aberdeen, when interviewed by the press, ”Obviously I have my own ideas on standards, and through time this will come through to the players, fingers crossed.”

”Success was winning the league cup or the FA cup every six years.  The problem was a lot of those players couldn’t dream of winning the league.” (implying when Sir Alex started working with them they didn’t have the belief in themselves they could beat Rangers and Celtic).

Alex was desperate to beat Rangers and Celtic.  And Rangers was the first target.  ”The first time we played at Rangers we scrambled a draw in the last minute.  After the game all the players were all celebrating jumping up and down.  And I’m saying, wait a minute, what you all celebrating for, you’ve only drawn?!”

Gordan Strachan said after the match, ”We’ve all had bollockings off managers at previous clubs but this was an intensity that was not just about that game, it was everything, where do you want to go what do you want to do with your life.”

Alex said, ”Forget all the work we’ve been doing on passing the ball, and technical ability, if they’re not winners, it’s a waste of time anyway.  You’re trying to get that character instilled in the human beings you’re working with.  When you go on that pitch you can’t leave your personality in the dressing room.”

Gordan said ”there is something up here, not right, there is something inside this fella that is making him angry and driving him and, looking back, it’s like I’ve bumped into a wounded animal.”

”Rather than explain how you can bring a winning mentality to people, you have to produce a project that is working.  You have to earn the right to be an Aberdeen player.”

Gordan said, ”He put people under so much pressure to be successful.  Deep down inside of us there is a devil that drives us on.  For whatever reason, Alex could make that devil materialise for a game of football.  He brought the devil out of me.”

”If you get them young enough and breed the important values of what you are trying to achieve with them they will become that particular person that you were looking for.”

Asked by a broadcaster about the class of 1992 (Beckham, Giggs, Scoles, Nevilles, Butt), ”Do you have to treat them differently to the established stars? ”

”Absolutely, you have to be harder on them because they are facing for the first time in their lives media attention, and you don’t get any criticism from journalists when you are young, it’s all praise.  I think they realise that being strict on them is for their own good.”

 

”That fearsome character has been portrayed throughout my career, and absolutely, I may have gone a bit too far on some occasions but I don’t think there is anything wrong in losing your temper for the right reasons, if they didn’t meet your expectations in a game, because everything is built around the standards in training and the ambitions of the football club. Because my experience of human beings is they like to do things the easiest way.  The minute you accept a bad performance or a bad aspect of their technical training they will do it again.”

 

Ryan Giggs, ”He was always in control, you were never in any doubt who was the boss.”

Alex said, ”I could be ferocious in terms of my criticism after the games, sometimes I would gather them altogether or sometimes I wouldn’t say a word to them.  I would never make myself predictable.”

It wasn’t as if I was their best pal, but they always knew I would find a way to help them.  You have to know them all, all these different people, with all these different stories.”

”When I met Eric [Cantona] I said to myself, right, I am going to forget his past, I’m not going to mention any of his behaviour.  It didn’t matter, what mattered to me was what we could do to bring him into our fold and give him the opportunity to be himself.”

Ryan said, ”Eric was just treated differently.”

Cantona said, ”More than a manager he was somebody strong enough to deal with any kind of personality.  But, when somebody like Sir Alex Ferguson gives you the freedom you need to express yourself you have to deserve it and you know how lucky you are to have this freedom and it’s why I worked so hard and I tried so hard and give everything to him.

Sir Alex had this to say,”Psychology is someone else’s word, I call it management.”

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